Indirect link spamming
Using guest blogging for the purpose of gaining a link to another website, or websites.
Spam on other sites (guest books, forums, blogs, and any site that accepts visitors’ comments), placing a desired keyword into the hyperlinked text of the inbound link.
Using the open edit-ability of wiki systems to place links from the wiki site to a spam site.
Referrer log spamming
Known mitigations
Google proposed a nofollow tag that can be embedded with links. The PageRank system will not use the link to increase the score of the linked website if the link carries a nofollow tag.